Laptop Screen Flickering or Flashing — How to Identify and Fix the Cause

Overview #

A flickering or flashing laptop screen can be distracting and may signal an underlying software, driver, or hardware issue.
It often occurs after updates, when connecting external displays, or when graphics drivers become corrupted.
This guide walks you through a complete process to isolate the cause, stabilize your display, and verify long-term fixes.

What you’ll learn

• How to identify whether the problem is hardware or software
• How to check graphics drivers and refresh rates
• How to test with safe mode and external monitors
• How to correct brightness or power settings that trigger flicker

Estimated time: 15–30 minutes
Skill level: Beginner to Intermediate

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Terms and Definitions #

Term	Meaning
Refresh Rate	Number of times per second the screen updates (measured in hertz)
Display Driver	Software enabling the GPU to communicate with the display hardware
Backlight	The illumination layer behind the LCD panel
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)	Technique used to dim screens that can cause flicker at low brightness
Safe Mode	Startup state that loads only essential drivers for testing

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Steps #

Step 1 — Observe the Pattern of Flicker #

Start by describing the behavior.

1. Does the flicker happen only when moving the screen hinge?
   • Possible cable or hinge damage.
2. Does it occur during login or when idle?
   • Possible software or driver conflict.
3. Does an external monitor flicker too?
   • If yes, the GPU or driver is the cause.
   • If no, the built-in screen or cable is at fault.

Keep these observations in mind as you progress.

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Step 2 — Check Brightness and Power Settings #

Windows PowerShell

powercfg /getactivescheme
powercfg /q | findstr "VIDEO"

Shows display power settings and timeouts.
If brightness auto-adjustment or adaptive brightness is enabled, disable it under
Settings → System → Display → Brightness.

macOS Terminal

pmset -g

Lists current power settings.
Disable “Auto brightness” under System Settings → Displays.

Flickering that changes with brightness usually indicates PWM backlight behavior, not a driver issue.

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Step 3 — Update or Roll Back Display Drivers #

Windows

Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | Where-Object {$_.DeviceName -like "*Display*"} | Select DeviceName, DriverVersion, Manufacturer

Shows the current driver version.
If the problem started after an update:

1. Open Device Manager → Display adapters.
2. Right-click your GPU and select Properties → Driver → Roll Back Driver.
   If rolling back doesn’t help, reinstall the latest driver from your manufacturer (Intel, AMD, NVIDIA).

macOS

softwareupdate -l
softwareupdate -i -a

Apple distributes GPU firmware and driver updates through system updates.
Install any available updates, then restart.

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Step 4 — Adjust Refresh Rate and Resolution #

Windows

1. Go to Settings → System → Display → Advanced display settings.
2. Choose Display adapter properties → Monitor tab.
3. Set the refresh rate to 60 Hz (or the manufacturer’s recommended value).

macOS

1. Open System Settings → Displays → Advanced.
2. Set “Refresh Rate” to 60 Hz.

An unsupported or mismatched refresh rate often causes visible flashing or instability.

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Step 5 — Test in Safe Mode #

Booting in Safe Mode helps identify whether third-party drivers or software are causing the flicker.

Windows

bcdedit /set {current} safeboot minimal
shutdown /r /t 0

After restart, observe whether the flicker continues.
If it disappears, reinstall or disable recently added display utilities or drivers.
To exit Safe Mode:

bcdedit /deletevalue {current} safeboot
shutdown /r /t 0

macOS

1. Restart your Mac and hold Shift during startup.
2. Log in when prompted — Safe Mode loads only essential extensions.
   If the screen stabilizes, review recently installed software or kernel extensions.

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Step 6 — Check for External Display Conflicts #

1. Disconnect all external monitors, docks, and adapters.
2. Restart the computer and observe the built-in screen.
3. Reconnect devices one by one to identify which triggers the issue.

Faulty HDMI or DisplayPort cables can introduce electrical interference that appears as flicker.

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Step 7 — Inspect Cables and Hinges (Hardware Check) #

For laptops, a partially broken display cable inside the hinge assembly can cause flickering when you move the screen.

1. Open the screen to a mid-angle and gently adjust it while watching for the flicker.
2. If flickering changes with movement, the display cable is likely loose or frayed.
3. A technician can reseat or replace the cable; avoid disassembling if under warranty.

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Step 8 — Monitor Temperature and Power Delivery #

Windows PowerShell

Get-WmiObject MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature | Select-Object CurrentTemperature

Overheating GPUs may throttle and cause intermittent flickering.

macOS

sudo powermetrics --samplers smc | grep "GPU die temperature"

If the GPU temperature exceeds 85 °C under light load, clean vents and ensure fans are running.

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Verification #

After each fix, verify:

Check	Command	Expected Result
Display driver	Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver	Latest or stable version installed
Refresh rate	System display settings	Matches recommended 60 Hz
Safe mode test	Boot results	Flicker gone in safe mode
External display	Visual check	No flicker when cable removed

If all readings are normal and the display remains stable for several hours, the problem is resolved.

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Conclusion #

Screen flickering typically results from unstable drivers, mismatched refresh rates, or worn display cables.
By systematically verifying software and hardware causes, you can identify whether the issue lies with system settings or physical components.
If flickering persists even after driver updates and external display tests, the display cable or GPU hardware likely needs professional inspection or replacement.